Judaism symbol Jewish symbols carry deep spiritual and cultural significance, reflecting the rich history and diverse traditions of the Jewish people. " Meaning: Represents blessings, strength, and good fortune, with cultural variations in interpretations. The biblical books of Deuteronomy and Leviticus give numerous prohibitions and commandments that regulate different aspects of Jewish life—from prayers and religious rituals to agriculture to dietary prescriptions and ritual bathing. In Hebrew, it is called the magen David (מָגֵן דָּוִד), which means the "shield of David. Each of these books is a treasured revelation of the Divine Wisdom, but one in particular has found a special place in the Jewish heart: the Book of Psalms (). Download a free preview or high-quality Adobe Illustrator (ai), EPS, PDF, SVG vectors and high-res JPEG and PNG images. One of the oldest symbols of the Jewish faith is the menorah, a seven-branched candelabrum used in the Temple. The seven-branched menorah was originally found in the wilderness sanctuary and then later in the Temple in Jerusalem and was a popular motif of religious art in antiquity. It is composed of two overlapping triangles, with one pointing upwards and the other downwards. The Star of David is a Jewish symbol, a six-pointed star used on flag of Israel; in Hebrew called Magen David (Shield of David), signifying God as the protector of David; ancient symbol historically used as magical symbol or decoration among many peoples; although it has no biblical or Talmudic authority, came into prominent use during Middle Ages among Jewish The Star of David: This six-pointed star is perhaps the most recognizable symbol of Judaism. Though no longer found in that part of the world, they populated ancient Israel and posed a deadly threat to its inhabitants. This is why many Jews typically give charity (and gifts) in multiples of 18 (e. isolated on white background. Dec 27, 2024 · menorah, multibranched candelabra, used in the religious rituals of Judaism, that has been an important symbol in both ancient and modern Israel. There are many wonderful customs, symbols, and traditions associated with Rosh HaShanah, the Jewish New Year, a time of prayer, self-reflection and repentance. May 19, 2021 · “Something of man’s secret enters into his symbols. May 15, 2016 · One of the most ubiquitous religious motifs used in contemporary Jewish art and design is the hamsa, an amulet in the form of a five-finger, open, right hand-shaped charm, commonly with an all Judaism is one of the oldest religions of the world, and believes that there is only one God. Not to be confused with the Six Pointed Star With Middle Dot emoji. in the General Government, a white armband with a blue Star of David; in the Warthegau, a yellow badge, in the form of a Star of David, on the left breast Jan 29, 2025 · The Star of David. The yellow badge. In this article, we […] The Star of David The Flag of Israel, showing the Magen Dawid. Jewish symbols are prevalent on wimpels; Torah binders made from the cloth used to swaddle a child on his Brit Milah. Common themes and symbols are linked to positive wishes for the life of the child. In Genesis, the patriarch Jacob ("Israel") gave that symbol to this tribe when he refers to his son Judah as a Gur Aryeh' גּוּר אַרְיֵה יְהוּדָה, "Young Lion" (Genesis 49:9) when blessing him. Mezuzah is a Hebrew word meaning doorpost, indicating the usage of this highly valued religious Jewish symbol. For the first time, get 1 free month of iStock exclusive photos, illustrations, and more. One of the fascinating aspects of this religion is its use of symbols, which hold a deep significance and convey the teachings, beliefs, and history of the Jewish faith. From the Star of David to the Menorah, each symbol holds its own unique meaning and significance within Jewish culture. The Emoji library has a small collection of smileys dedicated to the Jewish religion. What is the Jewish holy book? The Jewish holy book is known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible. Judaism is the name of the religion, and its followers are known as Jews. The Talmud, a huge and authoritative compendium of Jewish legal traditions, contains in fact no less than eight gender designations including: Overview of Jewish symbols and their significance Judaism is a rich and ancient religion with a deep well of symbolism. A Star of David, often yellow, was used by the Nazis during the Holocaust to identify Jews. The word, consisting of two Hebrew letters —chet (ח) and yud (י)— is a Jewish symbol, frequently appearing on pendants and other jewelry. What’s important is the scroll, upon which the first two sections of the Shema (the "mezuzah prayer")are handwritten, beginning with the eternal words “Hear o Israel, the L‑rd is our G‑d, the L‑rd is One. While its origins are not entirely certain, it has been used as a Jewish symbol for centuries and was adopted as the official symbol of Zionism in the late 19th century. Although jewelry is the most popular way of displaying the Chai symbol, it is not the only way. " Dec 28, 2024 · The Jewish menorah—especially the Temple menorah, a seven-branched candelabra that stood in the Temple—is the most enduring and iconic Jewish symbol. The pomegranate is one of the Seven Species mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as being native to the Land of Israel. Oct 31, 2024 · Regardless of background or denomination, most Jews recognize the Star of David as a symbol of Judaism. A Hamsa is an amulet that depicts a symmetrical open hand, typically used decoratively in the home or worn on jewelry. It is important to Jews because it contains a small piece of scroll containing the Shema prayer. It is a popular name for synagogues and Jewish schools as well as the title of one of the major works of Jewish mysticism. A six-pointed star, like a regular hexagon, can be created using a compass and a straight edge: . In the patriarchal stories The Hebrew term etz chaim (literally “tree of life”) is a common one in Jewish life, often used to refer to the Torah. One afternoon, a few years ago, I looked out my office window and saw a rainbow. Jan 5, 2025 · A Jewish Hamsa hung inside a car as a protective amulet The Hamsa is a popular symbol in various Middle Eastern cultures, including Judaism. Apr 5, 2023 · Star of David. The Menorah is among the oldest and most revered symbols of Judaism. Dec 31, 2024 · Star of David, Jewish symbol composed of two overlaid equilateral triangles that form a six-pointed star. Learn about various Jewish signs and symbols, including the mezuzah, tefillin, tzitzit and tallit, yarmulke, menorah, Star of David, and chai. Dec 26, 2022 · The Genesis of Judaism. These symbols often embody profound meanings, connecting the past to the present and conveying values such as faith, identity, and resilience. In the stories of Eden, the Flood, and the Tower of Babel, humans are recognized as rebellious and disobedient. Nov 15, 2021 · The seven-branched menorah has always symbolized Judaism. Shaped like an open hand, the Hamsa is believed to provide protection against the "evil eye" and to bring good fortune and harmony. In ancient times, it was lit in the Temple of Jerusalem, and it was an extremely sacred and majestic object. 18, 36, 54, 72 etc. 1. Yet even as the magical form remains shrouded in mystery and scholars debate nearly every aspect of its emergence, it is recognized today as a kabbalistic amulet and as an important symbol in Jewish art. Smileys with 🕎 attributes and 🛐 traditions of Judaism are available in this collection and are designed for those who profess Judaism and would like to use smileys that represent their faith every day. In the Bible, the word mezuzah only refers to the two 'doorposts' or 'doorjambs' of a door, [4] the upright posts on either side of it which support the lintel, and appears in various contexts unrelated to any religious commandment or parchment. vector illustration. Dec 26, 2024 · "It is possible that the candle belonged to a Jew, who purchased it because of his religious affiliation and the memory of the Temple. The word Tanakh comes from the first letters of the three different parts of the book: Answers for Symbol of Judaism crossword clue, 4 letters. It shares with the more traditional branches of Judaism the display of popular Jewish symbols such as the Star What Constitutes a Kosher Mezuzah?. Encyclopedia of Jewish and Israeli history, politics and culture, with biographies, statistics, articles and documents on topics from anti-Semitism to Zionism. Mezuzah, small folded or rolled parchment inscribed by a qualified calligraphist with scriptural verses (Deuteronomy 6:4–9, 11:13–21) to remind Jews of their obligations toward God. The hamsa is a palm-shaped symbol historically used by both Jews and Muslims in Arab countries as an amulet to ward off evil forces, particularly the “evil eye. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, there initially were different local decrees forcing Jews to wear distinct signs (e. מָגֵן דָּוִד; shield of David more commonly known as the Star of David), the symbol most commonly associated with Judaism today, is the hexagram or six-pointed star formed by two equilateral triangles which have the same center and are placed in opposite directions. Common themes and symbols are linked to positive wishes for the life of the child. Emblem of Jerusalem. Over time it became a common Middle Eastern and North African motif, often used by Sephardic Jews and adopted by non-Jewish traditions as well. Among the many items adorned with the Chai are modern items such as mugs and T-shirts, as well as traditional Jewish items like the tallits (prayer shawls) and mezuzahs (a religious object that consists of a decorative case protecting a piece of parchment). traditional judaism symbols collection dreidel, torah, menorah, david star, gelt, challah bread, sufganiyot. This Jewish symbol and it is the standard symbol in synagogues. It has become the religion’s most important icon, being stamped on coins and engraved on tombs, as well as inscribed on synagogue decorations, jewelry, and even sundials. [1] Chai as a symbol goes back to medieval Spain. The Israel flag, known for its iconic blue and white design, holds deep historical and cultural significance. Let’s explore symbols that are commonly identified as Jewish and examine their history and significance with these pictures of Jewish symbols and their meanings. Regardless of background or denomination, most Jews recognize the Star of David as a symbol of Judaism. The Kabbalah (Jewish Mysticism) says that the flame is a symbol of God’s relationship to the world and to human beings. The hamsa has been variously interpreted by scholars as a Jewish, Christian, or Islamic amulet, and as a pagan fertility symbol. This nine-branched candlestick is a special kind of menorah used during Hanukkah, the festival of lights. . Still seeking, however, an explanation about the hand signs employed during Hamotzi by some (is it Sephardic?) traditional Jews--as well as during the Birkat HaMazon, when they enact an 'opening of the hands', in a very specific way (facing upward, as if to HaShem), when a phrase stating just that, is read. The most iconic use of the star might be on the Israeli flag. However, in 1967, Leonard Nimoy, a Jewish actor, decided to deliver the line on Star Trek (the original series!), in combination with this ancient Jewish priestly gesture that he learned in his youth. According to The Jewish Daily Forward, its use as an amulet originates in 18th century Eastern Europe. ). Called in the Talmud "the king of the beasts" (Ḥag. The Reform movement has never had any distinctive symbols unique to its synagogues. Jan 21, 2025 · Judaism - Monotheism, Torah, Covenant: A paradigmatic statement is made in the narrative that begins with Genesis and ends with Joshua. Possibly the most well-known symbol of the Jewish people and faith, the Star of David is a simple geometrical figure comprised of two overlaid equilateral triangles, positioned to create the image of a six-pointed star. Also known as a "Jewish Star," the Star of David is a symbol commonly associated with Judaism and the Jewish People. [3] Unpacking the Gematria of 18 . Live long and prosper – The phrase itself is not historically associated with Judaism. [3] The Star of David is a six-pointed star, composed of two overlaid equilateral triangles, one pointing up and the other pointing down. In general, the Hamsa hand is a symbol of protection, warding off evil and keeping the user safe. According to tradition, the symbol covered King David's battle shield and appeared on King Solomon's ring ("the Seal of Solomon"). The Star of David: A Symbol That Speaks to Eternity. A symbol often used in relation to the religion of Judaism. Here are a few tips for your most hygge/heimish Shabbat yet! Find Judaism Symbol stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. The candle is a very important symbol for Jews. Jews believe that there is only One reason for the tradition to play with a bow and arrows on Lag Ba’omer, which is the anniversary of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai’s death, is because a bow, “keshet” in Hebrew, alludes to the rainbow, also called “keshet. The hamsa (Arabic: خمسة, romanized: khamsa, lit. CANDLESTICKS. Today, the symbol is practically ubiquitous in the Jewish world. May 27, 2024 · The symbols of Judaism are deeply intertwined with its teachings, customs, and spiritual practices, embodying the faith’s beliefs, values, and history. Ah yes the Secret Kaballah Zionist Crypto Bolshevism NeoMarxist symbol, when in range a Jewish person revives 50% boost to all their states and Luck enchantment for 35 hours, however if any Non Jewish players are with 6ft of the item they will have to make a wisdom saving throw if they fail for 24 hours they will suspect every Jew they encounter of Usury and Thievery May 28, 2024 · This six-pointed star, composed of two interlocking triangles, is a profound emblem that carries deep historical, religious, and cultural significance. There are many Jewish religious symbols that represent God and our promise made with and to him, in many different ways. The Important Symbols of Judaism and Their Meanings. In the past, what we know today as the Star of David was a popular symbol i The Star of David is a six-pointed star, composed of two overlaid equilateral triangles, one pointing up and the other pointing down. Here’s a look at the origin and the meaning of the six-pointed star. " May 29, 2023 · The Star of David gained broader recognition and importance during the 19th and 20th centuries. Its association as a distinctive symbol for the Jewish people and their religion dates to 17th-century Prague. Mezuzah. Jan 7, 2024 · The Star of David is a symbol of Judaism. The biblical Judah (in Hebrew: Yehuda) is the eponymous ancestor of the Tribe of Judah, which is traditionally symbolized by a lion. Judaism began around 4,000 years ago when the Prophet Abraham received a vision from God. hanukkah jewish holiday icons set. In the early chapters of Genesis, the divine is described as the creator of humankind and the entire natural order. It appears on synagogues, Jewish tombstones, and the flag of the State of Israel. In Judaism, justice is held in high respect. Jewish symbols play a vital role in expressing faith, identity, and community. The Star of David (Hebrew:מָגֵן דָּוִד, or Māġēn Dāwīd, pronounced ['mɔ. May 27, 2024 · Judaism is one of the world’s oldest religions, with a rich and diverse history that spans over thousands of years. The Torah scrolls contain the Jewish bible. Nov 8, 2023 · A symbol of protection. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. g. The decorative case containing the mezuzah scroll is just that: a mere container. This six-pointed star (hexagram), made of two interlocking triangles, can be found on mezuzahs, menorahs, tallit bags and kippahs. It acts as a good luck charm. It’s bold, unmistakable, and rich with meaning. Jews place it on the doors of their homes, where it serves as a constant reminder of God’s presence in their lives and their allegiance to God’s commands. Jul 6, 2016 · By now, the six-pointed star feels inseparable from Jewish identity. Chai (חי) is the Hebrew word for "life. Sep 17, 2023 · The menorah is one of the most easily recognizable and well-known symbols of Judaism. " It also has the numeric value of 18. While little is known about the origin of the Star of David (or in Hebrew Magen “Shield of” David), it has long been associated with Jewish people and graced thousands of synagogues all over the world. לְבִיאָה (levi'ah), both of which are used for e lion in general, The menorah (/ m ə ˈ n ɔː r ə /; Hebrew: מְנוֹרָה mənōrā, pronounced) is a seven-branched candelabrum that is described in the Hebrew Bible and in later ancient sources as having been used in the Tabernacle and in the Temple in Jerusalem. It’s hard to imagine anything more emblematic of Jewish identity than the Star of David. Find and save ideas about judaism symbol on Pinterest. Preparing during the Hebrew mon Nov 3, 2024 · The Star of David ( ), known in Hebrew as the Shield of David or Magen David (Hebrew מָגֵן דָּוִד; Biblical Hebrew Māḡēn Dāwīḏ Tiberian Modern Hebrew Ashkenazi Hebrew and Yiddish Mogein Dovid or Mogen Dovid), is a generally recognized symbol of modern Jewish identity and Judaism. May 1, 2019 · One of the earliest uses of the Star of David as a symbol of Jewish identity was in 1354, when Charles IV King of Bohemia granted the Jews of Prague the right to bear a red flag depicting the Star of David and Solomon’s Seal (a Star of David within a circle). Collectively the set is known as Tanach. Search from Judaism stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. Great explanations. So when presumptive Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump tweeted out an image of Hillary Clinton with the symbol Jan 21, 2025 · Judaism - Art, Iconography, Rituals: Although the Second Commandment (Exodus 20:4; Deuteronomy 5:8), “You shall not make yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth,” has been understood as absolutely prohibiting any and all artistic representation, this is not the only possible In the winter months, adding elements of simplicity, presence, and coziness can elevate the rituals and intentions of Shabbat. The mezuzah is an important Jewish symbol. Chai (חי) is the Hebrew word for life. Symbols - Judaism Judaism Aug 19, 2020 · The Menorah is one of the main symbols of the Jewish world. Without changing the radius of the compass, set its pivot on the circle's circumference, and find one of the two points where a new circle would intersect the first circle. According to one theory, the six-pointed "shield of David" which adorns the modern Israeli flag, started to become a national symbol with David al-Roy's crusade. gen dɔ. It has the distinction of being not just the oldest Jewish symbol, but also the oldest continuously used religious symbol of the West. Find clues for Symbol of Judaism or most any crossword answer or clues for crossword answers. How did two […] The Magen David (Heb. ” The word is derived from the Arabic word for “five,” and depicts the five fingers of the human hand. I told our synagogue’s education director, and at her wise suggestion we gathered the Hebrew school kids to see and recite the blessing over it. On the other hand, most English speakers today refer to us as Jews. What is the Star of David? In modern times, the Star of David has become a premier Jewish symbol. Fire is warm and inviting. An Israeli etrog, with pitam and gartel (ridge around the center). 'five', referring to images of 'the five fingers of the hand'), [1] [2] [3] also known as the hand of Fatima, [4] is a palm-shaped amulet popular throughout North Africa and in the Middle East and commonly used in jewellery and wall hangings. Judaism Emblem of Jerusalem. ” A Jewish household is created by the people who live in it–by the way they act, the things they do and don’t do, the beliefs they hold. The Five Books of Moses are followed by 19 other books which comprise the Prophets (Neviim) and Writings (Ketuvim). With that being said, this symbol predates all the major religions. “Chai” is not merely a word, but a symbol, an embodiment of Jewish life and culture. But what did the Temple menorah actually look like? Symbol: Jewish Hand: Religion: Judaism: Origin: Rooted in ancient Middle Eastern traditions, symbolizing protection against the "evil eye. They became a people through a covenant with G‑d over 3,300 years ago. Though there are many aspects to this faith, this SpiritualRay article discusses some of the main Judaism symbols and their meanings, that play an important role in the life of each and every Jew. The six-pointed Star of David is a common symbol for both Judaism and Israel. Among these symbols, the Star of David, a six-pointed star, represents unity and the connection between God and humanity. Letters as symbols in Jewish culture go back to the earliest Jewish roots, the Talmud states that the world was created from Hebrew letters which form verses of the Torah. 13b), the lion has many Hebrew names: אַרְיֵה (aryeh) or אֲרִי (ari), and לָבִיא (lavi) fem. [5] Jun 21, 2017 · Judaism (the Jewish Religion) is defined as the totality of beliefs and practices of the Jewish people, as given by G‑d and recorded in the Torah (Hebrew Bible) and subsequent sacred writings of Judaism (Talmud and Kabbalah). In ancient Jewish sources, the lion is a symbol of fierce strength and nobility. Apr 17, 2019 · The Star of David is a six-pointed star made up of two equilateral triangles superimposed over each other. The hamsa is a very old symbol, dating back to some 1,800 years. It is a seven-branched oil lamp. The Star of David, also known as Magen David, is a six-pointed star that is one of the most recognizable symbols of Judaism. It became a prominent symbol of Jewish identity and was embraced by Jewish communities worldwide. This includes the following: Shofar – this symbol is known as a ram’s A hanging hamsa in Tunisia. In Judaism, the “evil eye,” ayin hara in Hebrew, is the harmful negative energy that is created when one looks at something with envy or ill feeling. The Hamsa is one of the oldest Jewish symbols; its imagery has been found on ancient Israelite tombs dating all the way back to the 8th century BCE!. ” —Gershom Scholem . Oct 29, 2024 · The use of symbols in Judaism is a rich and complex tradition that spans thousands of years. But the Star of David wasn't always a universal symbol for Judaism. The seeds of the pomegranate symbolize the 613 mitzvot (sacred obligations) attributed to the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible), which form the foundation of traditional Jewish practice. However, like any other symbol, it should be no surprise that the Hand of Fatima has acquired new meanings as it was integrated into different religions and beliefs. It also is known as a hexagram. Its name—Arabic for “five”—is representative of the five fingers of the hand and the protective qualities associated with that number. The symbol has been used extensively in the three Abrahamic religions Jan 10, 2023 · The Star of David is the most recognizable Jewish symbol. While it holds significant religious and cultural meaning for Apr 17, 2019 · Chai in Popular Culture . The Jews are the children of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. It refers to the seven-lamp golden candelabrum that was used in the portable Temple (Mishkan) that was set up in the wilderness by Moses. May 29, 2024 · A small, humble word, yet it holds immense significance in the Jewish religion. The parchment is placed in a metal, wooden, or glass case so that the word Shaddai (“Almighty”) can usually be seen Jan 29, 2025 · English: The Star of David (Magen David in Hebrew, Shield of David, Solomon's Seal) is a generally recognized symbol of Judaism and Jewish identity. The ancient Jewish understanding of gender was far more nuanced than many assume. And that’s why we’ve decided to tell you all about the most popular symbols that are associated with the Hebrew faith. Nov 28, 2021 · Hamsa Symbol History. This prayer is important to Jews because it is where God Feb 28, 2024 · Symbols hold profound significance in Jewish culture, embodying deep-rooted meanings that transcend time. It represents not only the identity of a nation but also the resilience of its people. See it here. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. It is recognised as the symbol of Jewish Community and is named after King David of ancient Israel. But, as with anything in life, there are things more important than others. The traditional Jewish lullaby "Raisins and Almonds" popularized the golden goat as a Yiddish symbol, echoing that in Chad Gadya, a traditional Passover song. The Star of David or Magen David (Hebrew: מגן דוד; literally, "David's Shield") is a six pointed shape, formed by two equilateral triangles; one flipped on top of the other symmetrically. Hanukkah is a winter holiday that celebrates the victory of the Maccabees over the Syrian Greeks and the rededication of the Temple, as well as the miracle that a little cruse of oil, designed to burn for only one day, kept the Temple menorah alight for eight whole days until more sanctified oil could be produced. Make a circle of any size with the compass. For millennia, Jewish identity has been closely associated with observance of the laws of the Torah. ”1 These selections both contain G‑d’s instruction to Thought nonbinary gender was a modern concept? Think again. The idea of an ayin hara is found in many places in the Talmud and Jewish law. Etrog (Hebrew: אֶתְרוֹג, plural: etrogim; Ashkenazi Hebrew: esrog, plural: esrogim) is the yellow citron (Citrus medica) used by Jews during the weeklong holiday of Sukkot as one of the four species. gen dɑːvɪd] in Modern Hebrew) is a Jewish symbol. Is that true? If so, what does it mean? Response: Yes, the Vulcan salute is an authentic imitation of the manner by which Cohanim spread their hands in most congregations when blessing the congregation to this day. [5]The Yiddish Book Center has adopted the golden goat as its logo since 2012, designed by Alexander Isley with lettering from El Lissitzky's lithographs of Chad Gadya. Mar 9, 2020 · Each faith has its own symbols and so has the Jewish. These symbols serve as powerful reminders of history, faith, and identity. Oct 10, 2021 · Media in category "Jewish symbols" The following 189 files are in this category, out of 189 total. From the Star of David to the Torah Scroll, each symbol carries deep meaning, connecting Jewish people to their history, traditions, and spiritual beliefs in everyday life. Feb 16, 2024 · The Star of David, with its distinctive six-pointed shape, is a symbol deeply intertwined with Jewish culture, history, and identity. Among the various symbols that have been used in Jewish culture and religion, the pyramid symbol is one that has garnered significant attention in recent years. vid] in ancient Hebrew, and ['mɑː. Search for crossword clues found in the Daily Celebrity, NY Times, Daily Mirror, Telegraph and major publications. Mar 3, 2015 · Question: I recently discovered that the famous Vulcan salute is actually a Jewish symbol. To a great extent, a Jewish way of life is a portable faith: you can take it with you anywhere you go. In the 19th century, the symbol began to be widely used by the Jewish communities of Eastern Europe, ultimately coming to represent Jewish identity or religious beliefs. Probably the most ubiquitous of Jewish symbols, but also the least significant, is the six-pointed star (or hexagram). Geometrically it is a hexagram. Myth: Jews, Israelites & Hebrews Are Different People The Torah refers to our people mostly as “Sons of Israel ” (Israelites) and occasionally as Hebrews. Known in Hebrew as a Magen David (shield of David), geometrically it is two triangles superimposed on each other, forming the shape of a hexagram. The Star of David originated long before it was adopted by the Jewish faith and the Zionist movement; it appeared thousands of years ago in the cultures of the East, cultures that use it to this day. dhkb ghdtlff cct poedli cbeg stezp rlgsjwrp jjku rkckrtr iipi akoa xun qqcai ectmnq tcgw