The design of digital liquid density meter based on arduino. Robot Arm Design for Coffee Maker Arduino Based.

 
The design of digital liquid density meter based on arduino My thought process was to get a flow meter sensor to measure the mass or volumetric flow through the pipe. 2. The approach is based on the travel time of ultrasonic wave through medium from transmitter to receiver. Oct 12, 2022 · Hey, I am in the process of trying to build a design to measure the specific gravity of a liquid (usually around 65deg C) through a straight pipe between 2 tanks. Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega. Popa and Pantelimon Nov 1, 2021 · The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino. Megantoro et al [13] designed a digital liquid density meter based on Arduino, while The limitation of the digital density meter, especially liquid, urges the author to carry out further research on the digitization of this measuring instrument. The water pump will turn ON based on the float sensor’s ON/OFF status. Mar 19, 2021 · Miftah Ibrahim, Arduino-based Digital Advan ced Audiometer . Measurement system block diagram - "The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino" Mentioning: 4 - A measure of liquid thickness is needed to make a dough or formula for medicinal syrup. Apr 1, 2024 · Similarly the relay is connected to Analog pin A1 which is the digital pin 15 of Arduino. I need a sensor with precise measurements but what sensor? Anyone could help here? Thanks for tips and ideas Apr 30, 2024 · The digital value is in the range of 0 to 1023 for the voltage range of 0 to 5 Volts. Several researchers have conducted research on liquid density meters. Jan 2020; Jan 1, 2020 · Article on The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino, published in Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) 1 on 2020-01-01 by Prisma Megantoro+4. 3. Have a good watch!F DOI: 10. The limitation of the digital density meter, especially liquid, urges the author to carry out further research Sep 2, 2017 · A company I worked for used that method for quality control, before a batch of molten metal was used, a small amount was tapped off and poured into a mold of 4 small ingots (about 50 grams each) after cooling an ingot was suspended on a scale that read down to 0. The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino "Design of Arduino-Based Digital Liquid Density meter" which can later measure the density or density value of some liquid by detecting the mass tested with a certain volume as a constant, then displaying the measurement results in digital form. 2. Feb 10, 2022 · realization of a liquid density measuring instrument based on the hydrostatic pressure method using a photodiode sensor based on an Atmega 8535 microcontroller. TEST RESULT FOR EVERY SAMPLE AND LOOP - "The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino" "Design of Arduino-Based Digital Liquid Density meter" which can later measure the density or density value of some liquid by detecting the mass tested with a certain volume as a constant, then displaying the measurement results in digital form. Jan 6, 2020 · Objective: The aim of this study was to design a domestic water temperature, pH and turbidity monitoring system that could constantly log temperature, pH and turbidity of water and give alerts in Sep 27, 2021 · Based on the above problems, a Water Quality Measurement and Filtration Tool was made using Arduino, a Hydrogen Potential Sensor (PH) and a Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Sensor. J. The LCD 4,6,11,12,13,14 pin is connected to Arduino 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7 digital Jan 31, 2017 · SST Sensing and Sparkfun recently developed an easy-to-use solution for single-point liquid detection using infrared technology. To design an Arduino-based water quality monitoring device compatible for smart agriculture. Digital value = ( Input Voltage / Reference voltage) * Resolution. Jan 1, 2020 · This research aims to make a digital density meter for liquid matter with a high level of measurement accuracy, as the reference measurement study for liquid density in digital form. Whether you’re a professional engineer or DIYer, you’ll find […] Jan 1, 2017 · This research aims to make a digital density meter for liquid matter with a high level of measurement accuracy, as the reference measurement study for liquid density in digital form. 2020;1(1):1–6. Natural causes are inevitable but having a warning device to alert people and prepare them from Megantoro P, Widjanarko A, Rahim R, Kunal K, Arfianto AZ. and it should help students comprehend the concept of density more easily. DOI: 10. The pH Meter Design 1) The pH Meter Design In the picture above is a photo of the inside of the module which consists of the module ph SKU: sen0161 is used to produce a ph value, the temperature sensor is used to produce temperature values, Arduino Uno as a processor, Lcd is used to Jun 16, 2023 · This paper introduces an Arduino-based monitoring system that analyzes four physicochemical water parameters: pH, temperature, turbidity, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) to identify accidental or Oct 1, 2018 · The hardware design involves an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller 8 as the primary processing unit, an accelerometer sensor to sense the vibrations of a rubber membrane on top of the capillary tube, and a stepper motor arrangement to handle the movement of the capillary tube in a linear fashion to advance into and withdraw from the Dewar. It is operated through microcontroller Arduino and implemented using the C language. My chemical density range (Range - 0- 2000 g/L or 2 g/cm3). If the input voltage to the analog channel is 2 Volts, The digital value can be calculated Magnetic field measurement is done by two methods, that is Arduino based measurement by using magnetic field sensor with C + language. It also includes a DS18B20 water-resistant temperature sensor to measure the liquid's temperature. To this end, measurements of dispersion curves of the phase velocity and attenuation of shear horizontal Love waves were applied. We use Arduino to write programming according to our requirements due to its simplicity and Oct 14, 2011 · For water and other liquids, this integral can be simplified significantly for many practical applications, based on the following two assumptions: Since many liquids can be considered incompressible, a reasonably good estimation can be made from assuming a constant density throughout the liquid. The system Arduino Based Digital Fuel Gauge And Vehicle Monitoring System Proceedings of 2 nd ASAR International Conference, 2 May-2015, Mysore, India, ISBN: 978-93-85465-06-2 46 Alcohol Sensor, collision sensor, motor and a LED bulb. KeywordsSensor calibrationirrigation controlparameter 3. In this paper we present an electronic system to perform a measurement of the blood glucose based on Arduino UNO. 1101 Corpus ID: 210906357; The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino @inproceedings{Megantoro2020TheDO, title={The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino}, author={Prisma Megantoro and Andrei Widjanarko and Robbi Rahim and Kunal Kunal and Afif Zuhri Arfianto}, year={2020} } A measure of liquid thickness is needed to make a dough or formula for medicinal syrup. We are going to use two Arduino sketches. The 16X2 LCD Display is powered via a 5V of Arduino Board. Density based traffic light control system with priorty to Emergency Vehicles using arduino Mega2560. The aim of this work was to establish an inversion procedure for the simultaneous determination of the viscosity and density of liquids. 1 mg, then a container of 4 degree C distilled water was "elevated" under it until submerged, the weight diff was fed to a computer The limitation of the digital density meter, especially liquid, urges the author to carry out further research on the digitization of this measuring instrument. The processor is Arduino uno board is used. This tool is the development of an old Oct 21, 2024 · Aims: To design and manufacture a digital lux meter to the illumination intensity (E) detection tool that is more efficient, relatively cheaper, and can be carried because it has a smaller shape and size compared to tools on the market. Hardware test visualization - "The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino" The limitation of the digital density meter, especially liquid, urges the author to carry out further research on the digitization of this measuring instrument. Google Scholar Zhou Y, Sun C. You can find all related information for this application in the video. 4. Density is a characteristic Fig. Feb 28, 2017 · Based on the soil water potential, watering timings are determined in irrigation control systems using the Internet of Things sensor system. The research instrument used was a questionnaire with a 4-Likert scale. Popa and Pantelimon "Design of Arduino-Based Digital Liquid Density meter" which can later measure the density or density value of some liquid by detecting the mass tested with a certain volume as a The limitation of the digital density meter, especially liquid, urges the author to carry out further research on the digitization of this measuring instrument. Flow Meter and Arduino Based Fuel Gauge for Automotive Vehicles Raj Patel1, Hitesh Pungalia2, Saurabh Mahajan3 Department of mechanical engineering 1, 2, 3 Pimpri chinchwad college of engineering, University of Pune, Pune Abstract: Design and implementation of digital fuel gauge which measures the accurate level of fuel adding Dec 28, 2021 · This research was carried out with the aim of changing the current conventional water discharge calculation system to be automatic using a Microcontroller and based on IoT as a solution that can be done from the current problems for calculating water discharge. Our first Arduino sketch is a calibration sketch. This research was a research and development research that referred to the development model of Borg and Gall. g milk, water, cleaner, alcohol etc. A hardware prototype model was developed. A glucose sensor is an electrochemical diagnostic strip which used glucose The limitation of the digital density meter, especially liquid, urges the author to carry out further research on the digitization of this measuring instrument. The electric current from glucose sensed by a sensor module, is converted into voltage and is interfaced with the µc-8051 and then processed towards LCD module that displays the measured value of the blood glucose. In addition, this method is not suitable for porous objects because measurements in water are erroneous and can damage material samples due to the ability of Jan 27, 2021 · In this paper, the Arduino-based disaster management system is proposed. org 15 | Page Figure 6: Comparison between developed system and SANWA digital multi meter. 5. Jan 1, 2020 · (DOI: 10. Microscope is an optical device that uses lenses to produce magnified objects too small to be seen clearly by the naked eye. Dive into the research topics of 'The design of digital liquid density meter based on arduino'. 1101 Corpus ID: 210906357; The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino @inproceedings{Megantoro2020TheDO, title={The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino}, author={Prisma Megantoro and Andrei Widjanarko and Robbi Rahim and Kunal Kunal and Afif Zuhri Arfianto}, year={2020} } Comparison between tested system device reading and standard reading for mass measurement - "The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino" Fig. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. Frequency generator . Sun, Y. You can connect the water pump to the Relay. Deshmukh AD, Shinde UB. Doctoral dissertation, 2001. The design of digital liquid density meter based on Arduino. Based on the principle used, the construction and functioning of the thermometer can change but ultimately it ends up measuring the temperature. Without the transmitter unit, the outputted 32 Riadh A. To overcome these problems, digital den This research aims to make a digital density meter for liquid matter with a high level of measurement accuracy, as the reference measurement study for liquid density in digital Mar 3, 2020 · We are looking for help to build a Density meter with Arduino for my research purpose. The tools to measure the thickness available in the market are analog that is less accurate and precision. In present time Arduino is used to design IOT and robotics based project. connection of INA219 current sensing to Arduino for displaying blood glucose is shown below in Figure 4, connect the Arduino 5V to the INA219 VCC and the Arduino GND to the INA219 GND. Study Design: Design of lux meter digital based on Arduino uno using an EL 7900 sensor. Prisma Megantoro, The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino density [11]. Jan 12, 2021 · Megantoro P, Widjanarko A, Rahim R, Kunal K, Arfianto AZ. The system consisted of liquid storage tank and a sensor module for measuring fluid levels. Mar 1, 2017 · Miftah Ibrahim, Arduino-based Digital Advanced Audiometer widely used in sensor data processing such as Arduino-based Digital Liquid Density Meter Design [24], turbidimeter design and realization This paper presents an electronic system to perform a measurement of the blood glucose based on Arduino UNO, an electrochemical diagnostic strip which used glucose oxidizes enzymes, and software developed in C language. Hydrostatic measurement, a method traditionally used to measure the density of solid bodies, is not suitable for all solid bodies. I've already got the temperature side worked out (simple thermistor and a voltage divider on an analog line), but I'm having trouble tracking down a suitable sensor for liquid density (specific gravity). Jan 2020; Prisma Megantoro; level sensors are available with diversifying types and design. Jun 23, 2022 · The energy saving potential of different design parameters (shape, orientation) depends greatly on the location, and the energy-saving potential of most passive heating systems (water tanks, rock Jun 1, 2020 · The developed system measures air and soil temperatures, soil water content, and photosynthetic photon flux density using a sensor connected to Arduino Uno and saves the continuous, high-temporal May 15, 2022 · It consists of a dynamic traffic light control system (based upon the density), a laptop camera (for monitoring and it will record the video in case if traffic rule has been broken, this recording Arduino Based Smart AC-DC Voltmeter for Electronic Circuit Analysis. In the design of this tool LED is used as a light transmitter to be received by the color sensor. Jun 19, 2020 · A related research to this research is the design of a digital contactless infrared thermometer based on Arduino nano [10]. Skip to search form Skip to main content Skip to account menu TABLE I. The device created is a disaster management device that consists of temperature, soil drift, accelerometer, tilt, and rain sensor. Wang, “An Automated Hearing Test Equipment Based on Active Noise Control Technology,” in 2019 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), 2019, vol. Specification of the Design The accuracy is determined by comparing the measured data with the known or standard viscosity of the liquid. Jun 25, 2007 · I'd like to use Arduino to help me. Place and Duration of Study: Physics Study Program, Faculty of Miftah Ibrahim, Arduino-based Digital Advanced Audiometer widely used in sensor data processing such as Arduino-based Digital Liquid Density Meter Design [24], turbidimeter design and realization using a TSL250 photodetector and Arduino microcontroller [25], A Home Environmental Monitoring Objectives of the Study This study had the following objectives: 1. <p>A measure of liquid thickness is needed to make a dough or formula for medicinal syrup. This . The prototype model was developed using IR sensors and Arduino. 2019-May, pp. Circuit diagram of ultrasonic system. A glucose sensor is an electrochemical diagnostic strip which Density is one of the characteristic properties of a substance and on-line density sensors are of interest in many industrial fields. 18196/JRC. This research aims to make a digital density meter for liquid matter with a high level of measurement accuracy, as the reference measurement study for liquid density in digital form. The system consisted of liquid storage tank and Prisma Megantoro, The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino density [11]. All processes in this study have gone well that the digital contactless The Arduino project provide integrated development environment which supports c and c++ language. The limitation of the digital density meter, especially liquid, urges the author to carry out further research on the This research aims to make a digital density meter for liquid matter with a high level of measurement accuracy, as the reference measurement study for liquid density in digital form. Jan 31, 2020 · Arduino Sketches. LED is connected to digital pin seven on Arduino. Mar 19, 2021 · C. density arduino mega code. The design method used is the Prototype Model from Sommerville, with Listen to Feb 22, 2023 · The video titled "Liquid density measurement using Arduino" is a tutorial that demonstrates how to use an Arduino microcontroller to measure the density of w Present paper is a design and development of an electronic system for the measurement of the blood glucose level using microcontroller based on amperometric instrumentation. In addition, this method is not suitable for porous objects because measurements in water are erroneous and can damage material samples due to the ability of some The limitation of the digital density meter, especially liquid, urges the author to carry out further research on the digitization of this measuring instrument. Liu, and X. This document discusses a research paper that designed an Arduino-based digital liquid density meter. This work is an attempt to design and development of Arduin based radiation survey meter using two scintillation detectors. Article. A high performance Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller has been incorporated to control whole function of the developed system. 31. This device was designed with arduino and LCD as the major components. Robot Arm Design for Coffee Maker Arduino Based. The signal changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at the junction. May 1, 2018 · The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino. Evaluation phase included the assessment of media validator, students’ responses, and laboratory test. iosrjournals. Feb 5, 2015 · This paper aims at non contact measurement of liquid density using ultrasonic transducers. Density is a characteristic A measure of liquid thickness is needed to make a dough or formula for medicinal syrup. Fig. We propose to design and develop a density based traffic signal system. In Arduino measurements, the measurement results are made in units of Tesla. 9790/1676-1501011015 www. Read the article The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino on R Discovery, your go-to avenue for effective literature search. Analog to Digital Conversion Formula. 1. The result indicated that the accuracy value was 97%. Next, we will calibrate our second Arduino sketch based on the data from the first sketch. Wireless frequency meter measures measure frequency of sinusoidal AC signals in the range of 50Hz to 3kHz. 1–5. field density around it is called the Hall Effect Sensor. This method is undesirable for solid materials that interact with water and lose their properties. Together they form a unique fingerprint. DS18B20 Hardware connection and software programming. To read the output voltage level, connect the Arduino SDA (analog pin 4) to the INA219 SDA and connect the Arduino SCL (analog pin 5) to the INA219 SCL. To overcome these problems, digital density measuring devices are needed. In this paper, a piezoelectric density sensor is proposed and analyzed with FE methods and experimentally. Miftah Ibrahim, Arduino-based Digital Advanced Audiometer widely used in sensor data processing such as Arduino-based Digital Liquid Density Meter Design [24], turbidimeter design and realization Miftah Ibrahim, Arduino-based Digital Advanced Audiometer widely used in sensor data processing such as Arduino-based Digital Liquid Density Meter Design [24], turbidimeter design and realization Sep 1, 2015 · In this paper we present an electronic system to perform a measurement of the blood glucose based on Arduino UNO. The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino. To develop the Arduino-based water quality monitoring device, which will allow farmers to monitor the quality of water supply using four sensors in one device. In this circuit, the LDR sensor is connected to an Arduino analog pin. The meter uses a load cell as the main sensor to measure the mass of liquid samples. In view of this, the water level To design of Smartphone based liquid level monitoring system based on the Bluetooth module is monitoring system and remotely monitor liquid level an innovative idea that will inform users about the inside the tank/reservoir in real-time based on level of the liquid and prevent it from overflowing. Hardware and mechanical design - "The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino" Fig. Figure 1: Design of system hardware Initially the microcontroller is initialized and the fuel and Ambulance vehicles etc. Then if I know the area volume of the straight pipe section I should be able to find the density of the liquid, thus finding Aug 6, 2022 · When immersing a sensor in a liquid, its capacitance changes proportionally, and we detect this change with the help of an Arduino microcontroller. [Google Scholar] 30. ADC Arduino has 10 bits. I am going to use it in my research lab. The active element of the proposed density sensor is a cheap piezoceramic bimorph, widely used in buzzers and telephone receivers; the bimorph is clamped The Liquid Meter is an Arduino-based project that enables you to measure the liquid level in a tank and display it on a 16x2 LCD screen (1602 LCD). Some parameters such as ball and the liquid density are entered to system before performing the viscosity measurement. Other measurements use magnetic sensors and Logger Lite software with Labquest Mini interface. Miftah Ibrahim, Arduino-based Digital Advanced Audiometer widely used in sensor data processing such as Arduino-based Digital Liquid Density Meter Design [24], turbidimeter design and realization using a TSL250 photodetector and Arduino microcontroller [25], A Home Environmental Monitoring Feb 22, 2023 · The video titled "Liquid density measurement using Arduino" is a tutorial that demonstrates how to use an Arduino microcontroller to measure the density of w Nov 1, 2021 · The purpose of this research was to develop a practical tool to measure the density of liquids. ABSTRACT. The design of the measuring setup in this study The limitation of the digital density meter, especially liquid, urges the author to carry out further research on the digitization of this measuring instrument. Mathematical model for liquid tank The design system uses water as liquid media; a schematic diagram of water tank is Description. use arduino ide software. Lamberti examined resonance sensors for bimorph piezoelectric based liquid density measurement [12]. Anyone interest to join with me to build or guide DIY Digital Density meter with Arduino Prisma Megantoro, Andrei Widjanarko, Robbi Rahim, Kunal Kunal, Afif Zuhri Arfianto. Arduino UNO; OLED Feb 3, 2021 · In this research paper, design, implementation, and testing of an Arduino microcontroller and IoT-based low-cost pulse oxygen saturation detection device using an integrated circuit sensor as the GOALS wirelessly. 1. B. For the most part, I just want to detect temperature and specific gravity (density) of my beer (wort). 18196/jrc. The instrument was designed using the load cell method as the main sensor. The limitation of the digital density meter, especially liquid, urges the author to carry out further research on the digitization of this measuring instrument. Arduino uno Arduino Uno is one of a series that contains microcontroller based on ATmega28 [38]. 1101) A measure of liquid thickness is needed to make a dough or formula for medicinal syrup. Arduino-Based Light Intensity Measurement Miqro’ Fajari Lathifah 1 , Aris Doyan 2 * 1,2 Master of Science Education Program, University of Mataram, Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia 2114 International Journal of Engineering & Technology 2. Love waves propagate in an elastic layered waveguide covered on its surface with an investigated viscous (Newtonian) liquid Mar 2, 2021 · Request PDF | Development of digital viscometer based on Arduino to determine the viscosity of liquid | A viscometer is an instrument used to measure the viscosity of industrial products in the Nov 1, 2015 · This paper will discuss on the system based on microcontroller unit design to measure and control liquid level accurately to improve the efficiency of motor pumping unit. Robot Control. Required Hardware. May 26, 2018 · What is the best and possibly simplest inexpensive method to measure how much liquid in mL was pumped out of the container? Liquid has different density e. Dec 5, 2024 · The above diagram consists of inverter IC 7404. The limitation of the digital density meter, especially liquid, urges the author to carry out further "Design of Arduino-Based Digital Liquid Density meter" which can later measure the density or density value of some liquid by detecting the mass tested with a certain volume as a Journal of Robotics and Control ISSN: - 2 Prisma Megantoro, The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino density [11]. System must pump out only specific amount so water flow sensors do not work. Feb 7, 2021 · The density of water was measured by using arduino on this video. The DES design is a novel and own design. A. Zhou Y, Sun C. The accuracy of the system is calculated for three kinds of the Jun 24, 2024 · There are different principles that can be used to measure the temperature like thermal expansion of solids or liquids, pressure of gas, measurement of infrared energy etc. Conference Paper. As for the Arduino, in this case we use the "Capacitor" library with the help of which we can measure capacitance with no external hardware, and requires one digital pin and one analog pin. I want to measure density and record continuously. The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on Arduino Abstract. Miftah Ibrahim, Arduino-based Digital Advanced Audiometer widely used in sensor data processing such as Arduino-based Digital Liquid Density Meter Design [24], turbidimeter design and realization The Philippines suffered from an inexhaustible number of deadly typhoons, earthquakes, volcano eruptions making it a country prone to natural disasters. For Arduino Uno R3, Digital value = ( Input Voltage / 5) * 1023. Jan 2021; Ari Waluyo; Dec 7, 2020 · “The Design of Digital Liquid Density Meter Based on The results showed that the PS 2 joystick could communicate with Arduino Uno with a distance of 25 meters if there is no barrier and 15 Nov 1, 2017 · This project designed a microscope on Android/Arduino/Windows Platform based on Smartphone microscopy technology that enhanced a normal Smartphone with special components to readily attain the capability of a domestic microscope which is basically magnification. Here we will measure the distance of an empty liquid container from the top to bottom in millimeters. Kadhim et al. c_cpp. Highly accurate and reliable, the solution features an Optomax Digital liquid level switch, which is connected to an Arduino board via the TTL output and powered by the 5-V source. Apr 26, 2019 · This research aims to make a digital density meter for liquid matter with a high level of measurement accuracy, as the reference measurement study for liquid density in digital form. This Jul 1, 2021 · Abstract Hydrostatic measurement, a method traditionally used to measure the density of solid bodies, is not suitable for all solid bodies. The Jan 1, 2020 · This research aims to make a digital density meter for liquid matter with a high level of measurement accuracy, as the reference measurement study for liquid density in digital form. Arduino is design to provide easy and low cost platform to design devices which can interact with real world using sensors and actuators [4]. LED Rugged density meter for hydraulic fracturing and cementing applications The FracSENS LB 6770 nuclear density meter can connect directly to the control system. The product Sep 5, 2020 · “The design of digital liquid density meter based on A rduino,” Journal . Full-text available. Series of LDR and LED sensors Arduino Uno has 14 digital pins and six analog pins that can be used as input and output. The role of IC 7404 is to eliminate noise from the input, so that the noise won’t propagate to arduino which might give false readings and IC 7404 can tolerate short spike voltage which will not pass to arduino pins. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review. Jan 1, 2019 · This research introduces the design, implementation, and testing of a digital electromechanical system (DES) for measuring and recording of the dry (ρ b) and wet (ρ n) bulk density of soil at three soil depths, remotely. ncvhy szrma tngwgcz tuopw cgggccb jxmtl efu qzmt njunn jday eqnbb idfeffk marso ltrxrg fjj